2016年普通高等學(xué)校全國招生統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）
2016年普通高等學(xué)校全國招生統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）
英 語
本試卷共16頁，共150分。考試時長120分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
試題總評：
從整體上看難度略有提升，過渡較平穩(wěn)。試題重點突出，命題思路清晰，重視對思維能力和全面文化素質(zhì)的考查，強調(diào)交際運用。整套試卷很好地體現(xiàn)了語言教學(xué)的特色：既融合語言及情感、又兼顧知識與能力。
一、語法部分難度適中，注重基礎(chǔ)知識的考查。考點分布：時態(tài)與語態(tài)（4道），非謂語動詞（3道），從句（5道），虛擬語氣、情態(tài)動詞、并列連詞（各1道）。
二、閱讀部分題材豐富，話題較貼近生活。從完形、閱讀到七選五，關(guān)注社會、自然以及自我價值的實現(xiàn)。篇幅難度與2015年北京高考基本持平，閱讀題目重視細(xì)節(jié)題目的考查。閱讀D篇是一篇議論文，篇幅較長。文章論述了大學(xué)在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主性和認(rèn)同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的難度，尤其是第70題文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通過第四段的“equally important”及第五段段首的“Moreover”等邏輯詞可推知文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
三、應(yīng)用文題材新穎，綜合考查了考生的日常積累能力。談及人物的貢獻(xiàn)和對自己的影響時，考生有可能會遇到大量的詞匯障礙，故難度較去年明顯提升。
四、情景作文話題較為常規(guī)，整體難度適中。“地球日”系列活動屬于保護(hù)環(huán)境的題裁內(nèi)容，對此考生并不陌生。
第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45 分）
第一節(jié) 單項填空（共 15 小題；每小題 1 分，共 15 分）
從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What’s more B. That’s to say
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
答案是D。
21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時，杰克正在實驗室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過去某時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，斷電時，杰克正在工作，綜合用過去進(jìn)行時，故選C。
考點：考查時態(tài)
22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。a couple是先行詞，這對夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose作定語，whose children相當(dāng)于the children of whom，故選A。
考點：考查定語從句
23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
考點：考查時態(tài)
24. Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語，“________ you can do”是主語部分，即主語從句，在主語從句中，do后缺少賓語，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引導(dǎo)，故選C。
考點：考查主語從句
25. I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)。句意：我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末會盡力把另一半看完。發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時。“看小說”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用完成時，故選B。
考點：考查時態(tài)
26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：為了更方便地聯(lián)系到我們，你最好隨身帶著這張卡片。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是目的狀語，表目的用動詞不定式，故選D。
考點：考查不定式作目的狀語
27. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case
【答案】C
考點：考查狀語從句
28. ________ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：(因為)那些書是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時有可能送到。books和order是動賓關(guān)系，即order the books/the books are ordered，故用過去分詞表示被動和完成，在此相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句because they were ordered...，故選D。
考點：考查過去分詞作狀語
29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查表語從句。句意：雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到沙塵的困擾。is后跟從句作表語，即表語從句，表語從句不缺少主語、謂語和賓語，因此用that，that只起引導(dǎo)作用，故選B。
考點：考查表語從句
30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力(將來)一定會得到回報。根據(jù)句意可知，回報是將來要發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用將來時；efforts和reward是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該使用被動語態(tài)，故選D。
考點：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)
31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
考點：考查情態(tài)動詞
32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨狀況。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的兩旁，使古鎮(zhèn)變成了一個夢幻之地。turn的邏輯主語是cottages，兩者是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動和伴隨，故選B。
考點：考查現(xiàn)在分詞
33. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
A. because B. before C. unless D. until
【答案】A
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查原因狀語從句。句意：我非常喜歡聽音樂，因為它能讓我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果關(guān)系，故選A。
考點：考查狀語從句
34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
考點：考查虛擬語氣
35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
A. so B. and C. for D. but
【答案】C
【解析】
試題分析：題目考查并列連詞。句意：我不害怕明天，因為我已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了昨天并且深愛著今天。so后跟結(jié)果；and表并列關(guān)系；for補充說明原因；but表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選C。
考點：考查并列連詞
第二節(jié) 完形填空（共 20 小題；每小題 1.5 分，共 30 分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A Race Against Death
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 36 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(傳染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.
41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42 . Nome’s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would 49 , and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his 50 . He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕跡)to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen’s lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to 53 . He had found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
Nome had been 55 .
36. A. examined B. warned C. interviewed D. cured
37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless
38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
39. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border
40. A. narrow B. snowy C. busy D. dirty
41. A. From B. On C. By D. After
42. A. tired B. upset C. pale D. sick
43. A. plan B. excuse C. message D. topic
44. A. air B. rail C. sea D. road
45. A. carry B. return C. mail D. give
46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If
47. A. enter B. move C. visit D. cross
48. A. shameful B. boring C. dangerous D. foolish
49. A. escape B. bleed C. swim D. die
50. A. memory B. exit C. way D. destination
51. A. find B. fix C. pass D. change
52. A. pretending B. trying C. asking D. learning
53. A. run B. leave C. bite D. play
54. A. gathered B. stayed C. camped D. arrived
55. A. controlled B. saved C. founded D. developed
【答案】
36.A
37.B
38.D
39.C
40.B
41.C
42.D
43.A
44.B
45.A
46.C
47.D
48.C
49.D
50.C
51.A
52.B
53.A
54.D
55.B
【解析】
試題分析：文章講述了一個人們接力運送藥物來救患病兒童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部極其寒冷，由于大雪，諾姆小鎮(zhèn)與外界隔絕了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一種致命的傳染病——白喉。為了拯救孩子們，人們接力運送藥品到諾姆。最終，人們通過狗拉的雪橇把藥物送到了諾姆。
41.C考查介詞辨析。A. From從，自；B. On在……上面；C. By通過，在……之前；D. After在……之后。“by+時間”與完成時連用，后跟過去的時間，用過去完成時；跟將來的時間，用將來完成時，故選C。
42.D考查形容詞辨析。A. tired勞累的；B. upset難過的；C. pale蒼白的；D. sick生病的。四個孩子相繼去世，還有20幾個患病，故選D。
43.A考查名詞辨析。A. plan計劃；B. excuse借口；C. message信息；D. topic話題。當(dāng)?shù)氐墓賳T想到了一個計劃，故選A。
44.B考查名詞辨析。A. air空氣；B. rail欄桿，鐵軌；C. sea海洋；D. road道路。根據(jù)下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知，藥物被用火車運到Nenana，故選B。
45.A考查動詞辨析。A. carry運送，攜帶；B. return返回，歸還；C. mail郵寄；D. give給。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把藥物接力送到諾姆，故選A。
46.C考查時間狀語從句。A. Though雖然；B. Since因為，自從；C. When當(dāng)；D. If如果。當(dāng)他把藥物交給下一個人時，他的臉已經(jīng)被凍得烏青，故選C。
47.D考查動詞辨析。A. enter進(jìn)入；B. move移動；C. visit拜訪；D. cross穿過。根據(jù)“Norton Sound was covered with ice”可知，Norton Sound是一片冰凍的水域，Seppala必須穿過這片水域，故選D。
48.C考查形容詞辨析。A. shameful慚愧的；B. boring令人厭煩的；C. dangerous危險的；D. foolish愚蠢的。根據(jù)“which could sometimes break up without warning”可知，這是旅途最難的一部分，故選C。
49.D考查動詞辨析。A. escape逃跑；B. bleed流血；C. swim游泳；D. die死亡。如果掉進(jìn)寒冷的水中，Seppala會被凍死，諾姆的病童們也會死，故選D。
考點：人物故事類短文閱讀
第三部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40 分）
第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，共 30 分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
December 15, 2014
Dear Alfred，
I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.
Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多動障礙). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.
Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos. This has given me a purpose.
Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.
This is why you’re saving my life.
Yours,
Tanis
56. Why didn’t Tanis go to college after high school?
A. She had learned enough about computer science.
B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.
C. She preferred taking online courses.
D. She was too slow to learn.
57. As for the working environment, Tanis prefers _________.
A. working by herself
B. dealing with the public
C. competing against others
D. staying with ADHD students
58. Tanis wrote this letter in order to _________.
A. explain why she was interested in the computer
B. share the ideas she had for her profession
C. show how grateful she was to the center
D. describe the courses she had taken so far
【答案】
57.A
58.C
考點：人物故事類短文閱讀
B
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(颶風(fēng)桑迪)
Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(創(chuàng)痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
59. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found _________.
A. some friends had lost their lives
B. her neighborhood was destroyed
C. her school had moved to Brooklyn
D. the elderly were free from suffering
60. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?
A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild.
B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors.
D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
61. How did Natalie help the survivors?
A. She gave her toys to other kids.
B. She took care of younger children.
C. She called on the White House to help.
D. She built an information sharing platform.
62. What does the story intend to tell us?
A. Little people can make a big difference.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. East or west, home is best.
D. Technology is power.
【答案】
60.A
61.D
62.A
【解析】
試題分析：Natalie是一個14歲的孩子，她生活的地方遭到了颶風(fēng)桑迪的襲擊，受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重。看到人們在幫助家鄉(xiāng)重建，Natalie也加入了進(jìn)去，Natalie創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站來分享求助信息，幫助捐贈者找到需要幫助的人。Natalie的行為得到了社會的認(rèn)可，她受到了表揚。
考點：人物故事類短文閱讀。
C
California Condor’s Shocking Recovery
California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(鉛中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(電死) if they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(腎) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”
63. California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________.
A. are active at night
B. had to be bred in the wild
C. are found only in California
D. almost died out in the 1980s
64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _________.
A. blocking condors’ journey home
B. big killers of California condors
C. rest places for condors at night
D. used to keep condors away
65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________.
A. makes condors too nervous to fly
B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys
C. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood
D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds
66. This passage shows that _________.
A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem
【答案】
64.B
65.D
66.C
考點：環(huán)保類短文閱讀
D
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself bother intellectually(在思維方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群體) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(規(guī)定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
67. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving.
C. Supportive. D. Neutral.
68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means _________.
A. change B. choice
C. text D. extension
69. According to the author, what role should college play?
A. To develop a shared identity among students.
B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior.
C. To provide a safe world without tension for students.
D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.
70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要點) C:Conclusion
【答案】
68.A
69.D
70.C
【解析】
試題分析：大學(xué)并不是溫暖的家，也不能成為學(xué)生的家。大學(xué)時期應(yīng)該是培養(yǎng)自主性和自我同一性的重要時期，大學(xué)是孩子脫離父母控制的決定性時期，因此，學(xué)校不應(yīng)該成為像家庭一樣讓孩子依賴的地方。
考點：教育類短文閱讀
第二節(jié)（共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，共 10 分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
75 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】
72.C
73.A
75.G
考點：科研類短文閱讀
第四部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35 分）
第一節(jié)（15分）
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國朋友Jim 在給你的郵件中提到他對中國歷史很感興趣，并請你介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物。請你給Jim回信，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 該人物是誰；
2. 該人物的主要貢獻(xiàn)；
3. 該人物對你的影響。
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)不少于50；
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi (Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college to be a bridge between China and the world.
Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.
Cheers!
Yours,
Li Hua
考點：應(yīng)用文寫作
第二節(jié) （20 分）
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三一班的學(xué)生李華。你班同學(xué)參加了學(xué)校的“地球日”系列活動。請按照以下四幅圖的先后順序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”為題，給校刊“英語角”寫一篇英文稿件，介紹活動的全過程。
注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。
提示詞：地球日Earth Day
【答案】
Actions for a Greener Earth
A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
考點：情景作文
